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OBJECTIVES:: Investigating the survival of patients with cancer is vitally necessary for controlling the disease and for assessing treatment methods. This study aimed to compare various statistical models of survival and to determine the survival rate and its related factors among patients suffering from lung cancer. METHODS:: In this retrospective cohort, the cumulative survival rate, median survival time, and factors associated with the survival of lung cancer patients were estimated using Cox, Weibull, exponential, and Gompertz regression models. Kaplan-Meier tables and the log-rank test were also used to analyze the survival of patients in different subgroups. RESULTS:: Of 102 patients with lung cancer, 74.5% were male. During the follow-up period, 80.4% died. The incidence rate of death among patients was estimated as 3.9 (95% confidence [CI], 3.1 to 4.8) per 100 person-months. The 5-year survival rate for all patients, males, females, patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was 17%, 13%, 29%, 21%, and 0%, respectively. The median survival time for all patients, males, females, those with NSCLC, and those with SCLC was 12.7 months, 12.0 months, 16.0 months, 16.0 months, and 6.0 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for male sex, age, and SCLC were 0.56 (0.33 to 0.93), 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05), and 2.91 (1.71 to 4.95), respectively. CONCLUSIONS:: Our results showed that the exponential model was the most precise. This model identified age, sex, and type of cancer as factors that predicted survival in patients with lung cancer.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Iran , Lung Neoplasms , Lung , Models, Statistical , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma , Survival RateABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#: Investigating the survival of patients with cancer is vitally necessary for controlling the disease and for assessing treatment methods. This study aimed to compare various statistical models of survival and to determine the survival rate and its related factors among patients suffering from lung cancer.@*METHODS@#: In this retrospective cohort, the cumulative survival rate, median survival time, and factors associated with the survival of lung cancer patients were estimated using Cox, Weibull, exponential, and Gompertz regression models. Kaplan-Meier tables and the log-rank test were also used to analyze the survival of patients in different subgroups.@*RESULTS@#: Of 102 patients with lung cancer, 74.5% were male. During the follow-up period, 80.4% died. The incidence rate of death among patients was estimated as 3.9 (95% confidence [CI], 3.1 to 4.8) per 100 person-months. The 5-year survival rate for all patients, males, females, patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and patients with small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) was 17%, 13%, 29%, 21%, and 0%, respectively. The median survival time for all patients, males, females, those with NSCLC, and those with SCLC was 12.7 months, 12.0 months, 16.0 months, 16.0 months, and 6.0 months, respectively. Multivariate analyses indicated that the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for male sex, age, and SCLC were 0.56 (0.33 to 0.93), 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05), and 2.91 (1.71 to 4.95), respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#: Our results showed that the exponential model was the most precise. This model identified age, sex, and type of cancer as factors that predicted survival in patients with lung cancer.
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Aim: This study aims to predict survival rate of gastric cancer patients and identify the effective factors related to it, using artificial neural network model
Background: Gastric cancer is the most deadly disease in north and northeast provinces of Iran. A total of 430 patients with gastric cancer who referred to Baghban clinic in Sari, from early November 2006 to late October 2013 were followed
Methods: A historical cohort of patients who referred to Baghban Clinic, the cancer research center of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in Sari, from early November 2006 to late October 2013 was studied. Three groups of variables [demographic, biological and socio-economic] were studied. Survival rate and effective factors on survival time were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methods and artificial neural networks and the best network structure were chosen using the mean square error and ROC curve. All analyses were performed using SPSS v.18.0 and the level of significance was selected a=0.05
Results: In this research, the median survival time was 19+/-2.04 months. The 1 to 5-year survival rates for patients were 0.64, 0.44, 0.34, 0.24 and 0.19, respectively. The percentage of right predictions of the selected network and the area under the ROC curve were 92% and 94%, respectively. According to the results, the type of treatment, metastasis, stage of disease, histology grade, histology type and the age of diagnosis were effective factors on survival period
Conclusion: the 5 years survival rate of gastric cancer patients in Mazandaran is lower than other provinces which could be due to the delay in diagnosis or patient's referral. Therefore, the use of screening methods and early diagnosis could be influential for improving survival rate of these patients
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Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura [ITP] is an acquired autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count; because of anti platelet auto-antibodies. ITP patients have auto antibodies against platelet antigens. T CD4[+] lymphocytes are effective cells in immune system that has an important role in auto reactive antibody production and class switching. The pathophisiology and mechanism of ITP is complex and unknown. Numerous studies have difference results about role of T cells in ITP patients. T lymphocytes have been characterized to different subsets. To further investigate about the pathogenesis of ITP, we studied the role of T CD4[+] cells and cytokines attributed with platelet count. Therefore, in this research, we evaluated T CD4[+] lymphocytes count and interleukin 17 [IL-17], interleukin 11 [IL-11] levels in ITP in comparison with control. In a case-control study, we have studied 60 patients with ITP and 50 normal individuals as the control group. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by ficoll histopaque 1.077. T CD4[+] cells count in ITP patients and control subjects were studied by flow cytometry method and serum interleukin 17 [IL-17], interleukin 11 [IL-11] concentration were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] test. All data were expressed as mean +/- SD. Differences between means were considered significant at the P<0.05. Tests were performed using SPSS software version 16. This study showed, T CD4+ cells and plasma IL-17 concentration were not significantly different between patients with ITP and the control group. But plasma IL-11 levels were significantly increased in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients in comparison with controls [P=0.031]. In summary, our study indicated a role of IL-11 in ITP patients, also showed that ITP may not be associated with changes of plasma IL-17 levels and T CD4[+] cells count relative to control population. Therefore, measurement of plasma IL-11 levels may be important criteria in development of ITP. In addition, it is concluded that determination of IL-11 can be a diagnostic marker to recognize thrombocytopenic purpura patients
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This study was proposed for estimation of survival time in patients with stomach adenocarcinoma. North of Iran has a high mortality rate of stomach adenocarcinoma. The study was historical cohort. The samples were the patients with stomach adenocarcinoma referred to Tooba Clinic between three years [2007-2010]. Survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method the effects of covariates on survival time were assessed by, using survival parametric regression model with gamma frailty. The survival probability of more than two years of patients was calculated 27.7% by using Kaplan Mayer method. The stage, metastasis, surgery, and age were the variables which affect the survival probability of patients, by using survival parametric regression model with gamma frailty and hazard ratio of patients with three treatment protocol was 0.43 times of others [P<0.01] and increasing of patients ages decrease life time of them significantly as per year increasing patient age, risk of death increased by 4% [P<0.04] and patients with staging disease lower 4 had hazard ratio lower than 0.46 times of stage 4 [P<0.01]. The survival time of our patients is much lower than the developed countries, which are related to latency in diagnosis and therapeutic limitations
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Dendritic cells [DCs] are professional antigen presenting cells that have a potential role in the initiating of immune responses. The cell vaccination is a new strategy in treatment of infectious diseases and cancers. In this study, we have generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells of lymphoma patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells then; these cells were used as vaccine in lymphoma patients. We generated dendritic cell vaccine from lymphoma patient's blood monocytes with human interleukin-4, granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor and then, antigen-primed DCS were administrated subcutaneously close to the inguinal lymph nodes after maturation of dendritic cells. After 7 days, we analyzed immune response in lymphoma patients with determining of LDH, Beta 2 Microglobulin, CD4+T cell percent, CD8+ Tcell percent and Tumor size before and after vaccination. Furthermore, phenotypic and functional analysis of dendritic cells was performed using anti CD83-FITC monoclonal antibodies. Before vaccination, the mean +/- SD of LDH was 530.62 +/- 140.65 but after vaccination it was 459 +/- 109.45 that significantly different between experimental groups [P=0.002]. In addition, the CD8+ T cells percentage significantly different between two groups [MX002]. We concluded that the use of dendritic cell probably is one of the suitable noninvasive treatments for lymphoma patients that they have not response to chemical drugs